The Death (and Life) of Conservatism

One of the best lines in Sam Tanenhaus’s wonderful little book on The Death of Conservatism comes in its opening chapter. Surveying intellectual life on the right in the opening months of the Obama administration, Tanenhaus concludes that too many conservative intellectuals “recognize no distinction between analysis and advocacy, or between the competition of ideas and the naked struggle for power.” Quite so, as one can see from the response (or non-response) of the right to Tanenhaus’s own book.

Tanenhaus is a tough critic of the conservative movement, but he is also a deeply informed one. He knows its history and shows considerable sympathy for some of its ideas. To be sure, his vision of conservatism—like Andrew Sullivan’s—is by contemporary American standards quite heterodox. Tanenhaus believes, for example, that the best and most truly conservative presidents of the modern era are Dwight Eisenhower and Bill Clinton. That hardly places Tanenhaus in the mainstream of conservative thought today.

And yet Tanenhaus makes his counter-intuitive case with elegance and rigor, drawing on the ideas and policies of dozens of writers and public figures—including Edmund Burke, James Burnham, Whittaker Chamber, William F. Buckley, and Michael Oakeshott—whose conservative credentials are unimpeachable. An intellectually serious conservatism would jump at the chance to engage with an author who uses its leading lights to argue that the movement has gone seriously astray. But that’s not what contemporary conservatives are doing. When they aren’t ignoring Tanenhaus’s book, they’re doing what they do best: policing orthodoxy.

Take Peter Wehner’s representative remarks about the book, published on Contentions, Commentary’s group blog. A former assistant to Karl Rove in the Bush White House, Wehner is a master of deploying the rhetorical trick that contemporary conservatives use to convince themselves that they’re always right. At bottom, it amounts to a high-minded version of the old Pee-Wee Herman taunt, “I know you are, but what am I?” There are countless examples. A handful of liberals stupidly describe conservatives as fascists, so Jonah Goldberg responds by writing several hundred pages about the threat of liberal fascism. (Get it?) Liberal Jews frequently congratulate themselves for their secularism, so Norman Podhoretz produces a book in which he claims that Jews treat liberalism as a religion. (Clever!) And Sam Tanenhaus defends a moderate version of conservatism against the ideological thinking that dominates the right and Wehner responds by saying that “Tanenhaus is precisely what he condemns in his book—an ideologue, a man of dogmatic fixity, a person of knee-jerk liberal reflexes.” Oh, what a wily man you are, Peter Wehner, turning the tables on him like that and relieving yourself of the burden of self-examination. That was a close one! (Liberals, meanwhile, will be quite understandably perplexed by Wehner’s suggestion that a man who generously praises Nixon’s pre-Watergate domestic and foreign policy, as Tanenhaus does, is actually a liberal “through and through.”) 

None of which is meant to suggest that Tanenhaus’s book is without problems. Far from it. But it’s very much worth reading and pondering, and for precisely the reason that the ideological right wants to dismiss it. By taking conservatism seriously while also passing severe judgment on its contemporary manifestation, the book helps us to raise our sights from the ideological battles of the present moment to achieve the critical distance that makes dispassionate understanding possible. Terrified that self-criticism will weaken its will to combat an ever-lengthening list of enemies, the right now views critical distance as a danger to be avoided at all costs. The rest of us, thankfully, need accept no such practical restrictions on our thinking.

Now to some of those problems. To begin with, Tanenhaus’s aversion to ideology is so complete that he comes close to rejecting the very distinction between left and right. In its place, he substitutes a measure of intensity: there are ideologues of various stripes, including movement conservatives, who embrace and promulgate orthodoxies (bad); and then there are liberal and conservative pragmatists who respond to the challenges of the moment by building consensus for measured reform (good). Tanenhaus favors moderation, in other words, and has little interest in, and is even a little suspicious of, principled arguments about the proper scope of government, which is the major ideological fault-line in our politics. When conservatives seek to temper the excesses of ideological liberalism and pursue modest public projects of their own, Tanenhaus admires them. But when they set out on right-wing ideological crusades, as they did under Bush II, he criticizes them harshly.

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COMMENTS (33)

09/25/2009 - 2:38am EDT |

Oh yeah, conservatism is dead all right.

Didn't you see Rush Limbaugh on Jay Leno last night? Leno crushed him!!

And, yes, even though it was Limbaugh who actually crushed the whiffle balls Leno lobbed him out of the park over and again it couldn't have happened that way because, well, conservatism is dead!!

[Iambiguous scratches his head, not so sure now...]

Of course, just a couple of days ago Judis was predicting the DINOs in Obama administration were on the brink of collapse.

Hmm...

What if it is NOT dead? You know, like Ted Kennedy surely is.

Bill Clinton, a conservative leader? Yes, along with me, Tennenhaus is a true genius for nailing that one!

But what does that make Barack Obama then? ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 8:45am EDT |

Conservatism going back to Burke and Wilberforce has a core ideology which Clinton and Sullivan do not hold.

1. The limits of human reason. There is more knowledge in the combination of institutions, social norms, and common law than in pointed headed intellectuals. See also: the law of unintended consequences. In fairness, may liberals are starting to embrace this point.

2. The sanctity of life. This is a sneer to the left, but it has been an essential part of the conservative movement and it is why conservatives like Wilberforce (and the Republicans in the US) ended slavery. It is also why they are opposed to abortion today.

3. Personal responsibility. Conservatives have never believed that p ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 10:20am EDT |

So, where does the death penalty fit in to this "sanctity of life thing" jib? Liberals don't sneer at Burkean principles, they sneer at the five alarm hypocrisy and situational ethics of the Republican Party.

09/25/2009 - 11:10am EDT |

Here is David Oderberg's definition of the sanctity of life: it is a grave moral wrong to intentionally take the life of an innocent human being. (Moral Theory p.147)

Here is the bible's: Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed; for in the image of God has God made man. (Genesis 9:6).

09/25/2009 - 11:10am EDT |

I think it's ridiculous to lump Buckley and Burke in the same camp. Burke defended the American revolutionaries, sought to protect the Catholics and impeached Warren Hastings for crimes committed in India (the impeachment speech could be re-written by Noam Chomsky about the US in Iraq and he would hardly need to change a word).

The calumny against Burke - his being called the father of Conservatism, and the constant association of him and consevative movements - arises principally out of his trenchant critiques of Rousseau and the French Revolution, his defence of the established order versus the chaos of "abstract innovation" and his lament of the death of manly virtue when Marie Antoinnett ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 11:26am EDT |

Damon Linker "The Death (and Life) of Conservatism"

"I prefer to call it liberalism, but perhaps this is a distinction without a difference, since such a moderate version of liberalism might be indistinguishable from an equally moderate version of conservatism."

I am looking forward to hearing a talk by Mr. Tanenhaus at the Cooper Union's Great Hall on September 30th. Perhaps I'll be motivated to read his book after I hear his talk.

The fashion today on the conservative side is to accuse every Liberal, Progressive and Democratic President and one Republican President (Teddy Roosevelt) of fascism: identifying them as economic corporatists; plagiarizers of the ideas of Mussolini and Hitler, an ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 11:34am EDT |

"we are beyond the 60s and the stranglehold of Marxism on the Left has been relaxed"
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Let's grant that it is true. The fact remains that the wacky left remains both far more wacky and utopian than the wacky right. Where are the earnest calls for the left to disown Michael Moore, Maureen Dowd, and Keith Olbermann? The "death of conservatism" stuff is pure situational hypocrisy.

09/25/2009 - 12:04pm EDT |

Very handy jib - so jury's aren't fallible? Since when? That biblical quote seems quite clear to me that only God decides who is that guilty, not men.

The situational ethics of the Republican Party are everywhere and why they have so little credibility. I still laugh thinking of Tom Delay ushering his majority party through the process of creating the most expensive new entitlement in generations in an attempt to buy a new voting block - and baldfaced lying about the cost. How about the 200 billion farm bill, gravy to corporate pig famers - seeing as how they were struggling so? That was Bush's first act, three months in to office.

The fact is that this whole "mistrust of big government" ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 12:17pm EDT |

Concerning the difference between moderate liberalism and moderate conservatism, Clinton called himself a "new Democrat". It occurred to me that this was hardly different from being an "old Republican", of say the Rockefeller mold. Let's be honest and admit that both parties have been taken over recently by their extremes. Rockefeller was too liberal for the Republicans and Clinton was to conservative for the Democrats. Moderates, having no authentic voice in either party, have been forced to vote for the lesser of the rwo evils.

This was not always the case. It started in the 60's by the left and it was brought to a crescendo by the right, leading to the Bush disaster, followed by the pres ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 12:17pm EDT |

Also - I'm not sure Burkeans use biblical quotes to literally form policy, but I do know that Americans do not by design.

09/25/2009 - 12:18pm EDT |

"The fact remains that the wacky left remains both far more wacky and utopian than the wacky right."

---

On which planet? Where I live the ordinary run-of-the-mill right winger is less informed, more given to passing off pat but empty catchphrases as analysis, and more inclined to dump civility and demonize those they disagree with, than is the loopiest leftist I know.

As for utopianism - yeah, the left is a bit more into this. But that's because the right is distopian at it's wacky core. The right wing-nuts on the planet I inhabit are still reading the Turner Diaries, and arming themselves in isolated compounds for Armageddon.

09/25/2009 - 12:25pm EDT |

jib:

1 is too vague and contingent on particular circumstances to be a general principle. Sometimes groups of people are ignorant or stupid. Sometimes experts know what they're talking about. Anyone can have excessive confidence, whether that person is an overreaching smarty-pants or an overreaching moron. The real argument is not against intellect or reason -- which is absurd -- but against overreach. To the extent intellectuals go too far, it's not because they're *too* intellectual but because they haven't been intellectual enough. Excessive confidence in one's theory is a failure of intellect, not a symptom of it.

Anyway, your 1 does not play out in the real world as a call to humili ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 12:39pm EDT |

it is good to see some of the old posters back. long time no see jib. Nice summation of Conservative principles, though I don't agree with some of them.

1. there might be limits to reason, but what is the alternative? Pretty much every institution, law, and social norm is radically different than in the Middle ages, and this is due to the age of Reason.

2. The sanctity of life. Wandrey has a point. Jesus himself said that which you do to the least of my brothers, you do unto me. He was obviously for prisons since he explicitly states the importance of visiting prisoners in jail. I don't see the value in visiting their gravesite. I would have more respect for Conservatism if they di ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 1:48pm EDT |

No engagement? I listened to Hugh Hewitt talk with Tanenhaus for two hours, respectfully though the areas of agreement were limited. One nugget: Tanenhaus says he's never voted for a Republican in nine presidential elections.

09/25/2009 - 3:18pm EDT |

Hiya Blackton, thanks for the welcome back. The comment system was truly horrific for a while so I gave up on TNR. But I still think it has some of the internet's smartest progressives.

1. If you can handle the ponderous writing I would recommend 'Rationality in Economics' by Vernon Smith. He has an extensive discussion of this principle with a great emphasis on how modern economics supports Hume and Hayek. The recommendations basically boil down to (1) humility, (2) use a series of incremental changes whenever possible, (3) copy the successful approaches of others, (4) test in laboratories. Smith contrasts ecological rationality, which is the wisdom embedded in institutions and social norms ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 3:19pm EDT |

jib:

Conservatism going back to Burke...

george:

Uh, Beck, Limbaugh, Palin and Fox News going back to Burke? I don't think so. Quite the opposite with their shrill totalitarian approach to authority. Their own, for example.

Or are you referring instead to the next generation of Irving Kristols and Bill Buckleys. The intellectual conservatives?

The limits of human reason. It never even approaches God's does it? And though we may not quite be able to reconcile God's reasons with, say, the Holocaust, tsunamis and HIV, conservatives easily reconcile them with God. Their own God, in particular.

The sanctity of life. Oh, the conservatives have always embraced the sanctity of life. Especially if the lif ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 3:36pm EDT |

jib:

Here is David Oderberg's definition of the sanctity of life: it is a grave moral wrong to intentionally take the life of an innocent human being. (Moral Theory p.147)

george:

The key word, of course, being "intentionally"?

So, when they dropped the bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, their intention was to stop the Japanese from intentionally taking the life of our innocents. We can take their innocent lives though because that's the sort of collateral damage we can comfortably live with.

How ghoulish it can be listening to reactionaries rationalize their own acts of barbarism. They do so by insisting that, to a third party, the acts might seem ghoulish, but they are not because their intention ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 4:57pm EDT |

Jib - you dodged. All I'm looking for is consistency - this Burkean bluster just has no takers in the real world of the Republican Party, never has. Why take on Obama for the sins that Bush actually commited? I can't imagine how Republicans think they have any credibility until they do, ala Frum. Suddenly spending is an outrage? Come on.

Obama has spent money cleaning up five alarm emergenices as far as I can tell. Maybe you can list your economic policy alternatives for what Obama was handed on November 20th? Maybe you can tell us what Paulson could have done differently? Do you think letting the car industry go belly up would have been good or bad for the economy right then?

You may t ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 9:03pm EDT |

iamambiguous,

David Oderberg, and more famously, Elizabeth Anscombe before him, and natural rights philosophers in general opposed Hiroshima. If you get into political philosophy you will find that liberal egalitarians use Hiroshima as an argument against natural rights morality.

The rest of your posts show no ability to stay on topic. This is for your own benefit. If the topic of discussion is "can the death penalized by harmonized with the sanctity of life" then arguments about the purported incoherence of biblical morality are irrelevant.

============================================================

Wandrey,

I wrote long and thoughtful responses to a variety of points. I think you are bei ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 10:14pm EDT |

Wandrey

That's very close to my take on it as well. I'd only add that there are many in the Progressive mold that believe Obama actually responded like a Republican by largely letting big business, in this case the banks, off way too easily for the havoc they have unleashed on an economy already burdened by a disastrous and unnecessary war coupled with irresponsible tax cuts to the wealthy. To the majority of people I keep in touch with that voted, donated, or volunteered for Obama, the only negative feedback I have heard is that he's wasted too much time reaching out to Republicans.

I don't know if Conservatism is "dead" as a movement or collection of ideas, but I do think it is on life su ... view full comment

09/25/2009 - 11:59pm EDT |

Great thread, wonderful to see a lot of familiar posters again. As usual, time zone and being busy at work mean I am very late to all this, but it made for an enjoyable read.

I'll just respond to one of many points:

jibaholic: "(1) conservatives distanced themselves from Bush's spending"

I call BS on this -- "conservatives" happily voted for Bush's spending and tax cuts, and his enormous off-budget spending on a war of choice in Iraq, even when in some cases it meant prevailing on Dick Cheney's tie-breaking vote after a party-line draw. They distanced themselves from Bush starting about 2006, when Bush's popularity had made its decisive and permanent move down the toilet. More like rats leaving ... view full comment

09/26/2009 - 2:14am EDT |

It is good to see some of the old dialogue back, though The Plank seems to be a total dead zone, which they really need to fix.

To back up Jeff, I'd also add that the circumstances of the economy they're working in are vastly different. Obama's current large deficits are a combination of two things, both affiliated with the current Great Recession. First, more than anything else, the recession has absolutely crippled government revenue intakes on the state, local and the federal governments. Every single one has faced a massive drop off, to the tune of 25% or more. Even if spending never changed, deficits would have exploded because of this fact. However, as state and local governments c ... view full comment

09/26/2009 - 2:33am EDT |

jib:

David Oderberg, and more famously, Elizabeth Anscombe before him, and natural rights philosophers in general opposed Hiroshima. If you get into political philosophy you will find that liberal egalitarians use Hiroshima as an argument against natural rights morality.

george:

Natural rights?

WHAT natural rights?! Name them. And demonstrate epistemologically how these rights are embedded in...what? Our DNA? Our God? Our enlightened constitution? Our mores, folkways, customs, conventional wisdom? We don't have any "universal" natural rights. There are no deontological agendas we can impose on particular human behaviors other than through laws, through moral persuasion, through shunning, through ... view full comment

09/26/2009 - 12:38pm EDT |

-

I don't believe "Ideological conservatism ...on cable news and talk radio, and among significant numbers of citizens in the South, Midwest, and Intermountain West." is ideological or conservative in the traditional right-left divide. It's a shrinking group of people who are nostalgic for a culture that is gone.

Both the media representation and the public consumption of this brand is more reactionary or contrary, their 'ideal' closer to fanaticism than conservatism. There is a long list of conservatives who have been savaged by entertainers from the right because it's nearly impossible to win their favor and sustain national appeal. General Powell & McCain ended up on their enemies ... view full comment

09/26/2009 - 3:14pm EDT |

OK jib - you have been decent, please do pardon my absolute inability to take Republicans seriously in their sudden disdain for spending. Facts do speak for themselves though, and I don't need to be rude.

I don't remember one Republican in any position of power voting against one spending priority in eight years except Jeff Flake, who I loved (even though he's a bedroom sniffer and a bible thumper, he was at least honest) a first term congressman who screamed bloody murder about spending and was treated like scum by his party. Bush personally loathed the guy and made that well known.

I personally don't count as sincere protest grumbling in right wing think tanks and editorial pages - like ... view full comment

09/26/2009 - 3:59pm EDT |

-

I echo Wandrey, but my earlier post clearly wasn't as clear.

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09/26/2009 - 6:45pm EDT |

by the way, a few years back jib and I had a long and interesting conversation about deficit spending, supply side economics, etc. I came out hard against the deficits Bush was bringing about and iirc jib was taking the position that the deficit spending was stoking job creation. Interesting how the times have changed. Every time a Republican talks against deficits then every Democrat should repeat Cheney's line that Reagan proved deficits don't matter.

09/26/2009 - 11:35pm EDT |

The deficit spending of one's own party doesn't matter, because it is to good purpose. The deficit spending of the opposing party is gong to ruin the nation!

09/27/2009 - 12:52pm EDT |

I think the more realistic question has always been "Was Conservatism Ever Anything Other Than Preening Utopian Hooey?"

Conservatism can't be dead because it never lived.

09/27/2009 - 8:17pm EDT |

Moreover, the birther movement was started by Obama's own grandmother. She said he was born in Kenya.

That horrible metallic noise you are hearing is the sound of jibaholic energetically scraping the emptiest barrel in the yard for an argument.

09/29/2009 - 2:34pm EDT |

I assumed this thread died over the weekend but it looks like it has kept going.

Blackton,

I remember that discussion. I defended the Bush tax cuts on the grounds of productivity growth and job creation. And that is an emprically true point. I was opposed to Iraq and the Medicare prescription drug entitlement. I would also point out that Gore wanted an even bigger and more expensive entitlement. However, you claimed to be a deficit hawk. Is that still true? What spending of Obama's have you opposed?

Iamambiguous,

It is nice to see an atheist honest about the fact that if there were no God all would be permitted. But with God that is not true. Natural rights are merely an attempt to harmonize the ... view full comment

09/29/2009 - 7:20pm EDT |

hey jib. I am a deficit hawk under normal cases, but thanks to Bush's (and to a certain degree Clinton's) economic meltdown/onset of depression extraordinary things needed to be done. Boom times, or even average times, you balance the budget. Bush gave us a lost decade, my stock portfolio is worth less than 10 years ago. I think it is pretty obvious that the deficit spending of Obama's saved us from catastrophe (I would even put Bush's actions at the onset of it).

Of course, none of this had to be. If Republicans didn't get rid of Glass-Steagal, and go off on the whole "ownership society" crap line, allowing banks to go on wild risk taking at zero risk, we would have been much better of ... view full comment

09/30/2009 - 9:25am EDT |

Blackton, that's a huge cop-out. You claim to be a deficit hawk, but you haven't distanced yourself from a single piece of Obama's spending, even the large structural deficits his budgets have put into place ten or more years out.

Look, if you want to say "Obama had to rack up a couple trillion in added deficits in order to get through the fiscal crisis" then I might buy it. That doesn't excuse the large structural deficits predicted ten years into the future. Moreover, that attitude is not one of a deficit hawk, but rather of a pragmatist.

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