Assembly Line

Debunking the myth of the $70-per-hour autoworker.

If you've been following the auto industry's crisis, then you've probably read or heard a lot about overpaid American autoworkers--in particular, the fact that the average hourly employee of the Big Three makes $70 per hour.

That's an awful lot of money. Seventy dollars an hour in wages works out to almost $150,000 a year in gross income, if you assume a forty-hour work week. Is it any wonder the Big Three are in trouble? And with auto workers making so much, why should taxpayers--many of whom make far less--finance a plan to bail them out?

Well, here's one reason: The figure is wildly misleading. 

Let's start with the fact that it's not $70 per hour in wages. According to Kristin Dziczek of the Center for Automative Research--who was my primary source for the figures you are about to read--average wages for workers at Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors were just $28 per hour as of 2007. That works out to a little less than $60,000 a year in gross income--hardly outrageous, particularly when you consider the physical demands of automobile assembly work and the skills most workers must acquire over the course of their careers.

More important, and contrary to what you may have heard, the wages aren't that much bigger than what Honda, Toyota, and other foreign manufacturers pay employees in their U.S. factories. While we can't be sure precisely how much those workers make, because the companies don't make the information public, the best estimates suggests the corresponding 2007 figure for these "transplants"--as the foreign-owned factories are known--was somewhere between $20 and $26 per hour, and most likely around $24 or $25. That would put average worker's annual salary at $52,000 a year.

So the "wage gap," per se, has been a lot smaller than you've heard. And this is no accident. If the transplants paid their employees far less than what the Big Three pay their unionized workers, the United Auto Workers would have a much better shot of organizing the transplants' factories. Those factories remain non-unionized and management very much wants to keep it that way.

 

But then what's the source of that $70 hourly figure? It didn't come out of thin air. Analysts came up with it by including the cost of all employer-provided benefits--namely, health insurance and pensions--and then dividing by the number of workers. The result, they found, was that benefits for Big Three cost about $42 per hour, per employee. Add that to the wages--again, $28 per hour--and you get the $70 figure. Voila.

Page 1 of 3

COMMENTS (117)

11/21/2008 - 10:43am EDT |

I still don't see how moving the health care retirement liabilities to a trust makes the automakers more competitive, if their competition lack such. If such liabilities really total $42/hr, and you must fund the trust, removing the liabilities from the balance sheet is just an accounting maneuver.

A DIP reorganization would fix this. The government can provide a guarantee of DIP financing in return for equity. The unions can give up on keeping all those retirees happy, and cut those costs. The effectively shifts the retirement costs to the taxpayer, but lowers them as well. Social security and medicare were designed for just this situation. The same goes for the white collar retirees, ... view full comment

11/21/2008 - 12:18pm EDT |

True, Toyota, BMW, etc. don't have many US-based retirees. But these companies have been around a long time, and they have many retirees in their home countries. Yet I wager their total costs are not as high. Why? Those companies didn't accept unrealistic pension obligations and didn't work against UHC there (in fact, they support it -- even in Canada!).

Also, I have to say, the two-tiered structure seems to me the worst of all possible worlds. Does the union really expect loyalty from these new employees who bust their asses for $14/hr so some retiree in Arizona doesn't have to make co-payments when he goes to the doctor? Moreover, does the retiree (who, let's be honest, may figure h ... view full comment

11/21/2008 - 1:45pm EDT |

"The unions can give up on keeping all those retirees happy, and cut those costs."

Sensible Centrist, you seem to be suggesting that the UAW agree the the Big 3 would no longer have to fund retiree health care or provide them a pension. Is this what you're suggesting? That UAW and the Big 3 say to retired autoworkers, "Sorry, but we're going to have to eliminate your health care and income, good luck"? SS and Medicare are minimum safety nets, there were not designed so that companies could abdicate their responsibilities to their workers. Retired autoworkers earned much more than that. This is that very last thing we should be encouraging struggling corporations to do.

You realize ... view full comment

11/21/2008 - 1:59pm EDT |

It's not just an accounting change - if you move the funds to a separate entity and then do not contribute further to that fund, that not only takes current liability off your books, it takes future liability as well.

That said, I agree with you about a DIP reorg.

11/21/2008 - 2:04pm EDT |

Interesting. I read this exact same article on another site about 3 days ago, but failed to bookmark it, and found this one while looking for it.

My father worked at GM, and had a base-rate of $45/hour. He worked nights, so got a 50% premium on that. Working Saturdays was another 50%, and working Sundays was 100% premium (time and a half, and double time). Working holidays was worth triple time. One time, my dad worked on a holiday that fell on a Sunday, and received double-triple-time. Over $200 per hour.

My father's job at GM was to keep track of a clipboard that had a list of all the hand tools, and who had checked them out.

Anyone who doesn't say that GM pays every single person they em ... view full comment

11/21/2008 - 2:25pm EDT |

Something tells me "Sensible Centrist" wouldn't be quite so sensible or centrist if he had worked 30 years under a contract that promised him certain things in return for his services, and only after retirement was he told that now that all the services have been rendered, the agreement is no longer operative.

11/21/2008 - 2:42pm EDT |

another area that drives the costs up are factory maintenance workers. I ran a project at a GM factory repairing roofs and to bring in outside contractors (roofing specialist's) the plant maintenance staff had to be at 150% capacity regardless of if they had anything to do.
So:
for us to bring in outside contractors the maintenance staff came in for an extra 20 hours a week @ time and a half and watched TV (I saw it). They were pulling in over a $100k in the middle of Indiana/Ohio.
Because this is the contract that UAW negotiated with GM.
I've heard this is common through GM, et al. multiply by every plant drives the costs up.

11/21/2008 - 4:47pm EDT |

No, the point was a one-time payment to the trust that removed the legacy benefits issue. Its a huge difference because existing workers pay for prior workers shortages in pension funds (which have been a real problem because of rapidly rising medical expenses and longer lifetimes). Each new worker will also have some, much smaller, payment to the trust. But pension liability is removed from the books, and the program moves from defined benefits to defined contribution, like most of us have.

I'm glad you summarized this Jonathan, I still have serious reservations about a bailout (as I did for the banks), and I had heard much of this anecdotally, but good to have it all in one place.

11/21/2008 - 5:48pm EDT |

"The first foreign-owned plants didn't start up here until the 1980s." Then you continue: "Compare that to a company like General Motors, which has been around for more than a century and which supports literally hundreds of thousands of former workers and spouses."

Assuming that the average life span for an automotive production worker is 80 and that the average age of retirement is 60 we can conclude that legacy costs cover former employees for twenty years; that places us in 1988. What does it matter if GM has been building cars for well over a century? Most of the former workers are dead.

Also, if the transplants make $25/hr and the big-3 make $28/hr the conservative $3/hr difference adds ... view full comment

11/21/2008 - 9:58pm EDT |

Jon, thanks for starting this discussion. You are correct that the $ 70/hour figure is misleading, but you are missing a few things.

First, there is a reason that the Auto Companies pay so much, hourly pay sucks. While an Autoworker makes $ 70 an hour when he works, they almost never make a full year at that wage. Typcially they get a month or two off a year. While their direct wage is closer to $ 25/hour, it is income protection that pays them when the factory is shut down. Kind of like a teacher who defers some pay to the summer to get a regular pay check year round.

The next point is the insane costs of Health & Pension Benefits. Everyone beleives that you set aside a little money ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 3:35am EDT |

When it comes to a bail-out however there is something a little problematic in expecting those who have lost a significant amount of their retirement and who pay out the nose for or do not have health insurance contribute to the retirement funds and health insurance of others.
There has to be some way to mitigate that, making the workers suffer some as others who are suffering as much and more save their jobs.

The other problem is the crappy over priced cars.

11/22/2008 - 3:57am EDT |

It doesn't matter who is getting the money -- a new employee or an old employee -- the bottom line is that the Big Three ARE burning cash on labor at a rate of $70 per hour. These types of calculations are routinely done in Managerial Accounting and are not a political trick against unions as you make them out to be.

Future benefits may have been moved to an outside trust, but this will only have an affect once the current crop of retirees dies. Until then, it's still $70 per hour.

Bailing out failed institutions sets a bad precedent. You work hard and do right, good. You do wrong and fail, no problem - here's money to keep you going.

This is a disturbing trend in our society. People can't fai ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 8:32am EDT |

I write as someone who was a young lawyer representing a half billion of foreign debt during the Chrysler bailout. Ringside seat. I also wrote the plan for what turned out to be a successful Chap 11 reorganization in the trucking industry. The disconnect here is the idea that the US can bailout Detroit. It cannot. There is no plausible amount of money that the US can give the auto companies that will enable them to avoid Chap 11. They will simply have lost a bunch of taxpayer money before they go under. The only chance for Detroit is to file Chap 11 sooner rather than later, shuck off existing liabilities, and downsize/mothball aggressively. To that end, the US should be willing to pr ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 10:38am EDT |

bravo.....................well put

11/22/2008 - 11:54am EDT |

Whether or not you believe unions are valuable or detrimental to business, the fact is workers are always on the losing end of the bargaining table.

I do not understand why it is so wrong for workers, teachers, policeman, etc. to be paid fairly for their services. Pay them well and we may end up with a smarter, more dedicated work force. Instead, articles such as this make it sound as though auto workers don't deserve to be paid well.

You are right that 60k a year is a decent salary for skilled labor, but why is there no mention of the "decent" salary of the CEO? Why is not an issue that two of the three CEO's of the big 3 are paid $17 million and $21 million per year? Anyone ever con ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 11:57am EDT |

This is insane. Of course you must add up the total cost of labor and average that by the number of employees that work for the company in order to price out the cost of the widget, in this case a car. Follow along if you can; First there is the cash compensation: straight-time pay, cost of living allowance (COLA), night-shift premiums, overtime premiums, holiday and vacation pay. Then you add the benefit and government required programs: group-life insurance, disability benefits, and supplemental unemployment benefits (SUB), job security (JOBS), pensions, unemployment compensation, social security taxes, and hospital, surgical, prescription drug, dental, and vision Care Benefits. See?

Do you ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 12:05pm EDT |

Mr Cohn starts out to debunk the myth of $70/hr autoworker. And then after reading to the last paragraph, I'm left with the conclusion that, indeed, personnel costs per autoworker hour is $70.

The initial setup of autoworkers making $70/hr is the usual dodge of a strawman argument.

If GM currently incurs additional costs for retired workers, those costs must be presented as current personnel costs. Another way to view this would be that prior years' personnel costs, while now-retired workers were then active workers, were understated. In order to determine the true historical personnel costs, the current year's additional costs for retired workers must be reflected as current year personnel c ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 1:32pm EDT |

Here's my problem with that number: I'm college educated, and I don't make anything close to that, nor do most of my friends. I can't imagine any industry would be competitive if they were paying those kind of costs on top of salary and benefits. It's clear that the American auto industry is being taken to the cleaners by the UAW, who is going to have to give something up, either for newer workers or for older ones. Something has to give somewhere.

11/22/2008 - 1:36pm EDT |

In theory you're absolutely correct.

In practice the fund managing UAW retiree benefits (the VEBA) is under-funded. It will almost certainly run out of money before most UAW members see a dime in benefits.

So people demanding the UAW throw it's retirees under the bus are a little behind the times. The union already has. It had no choice -- the NLRB ruled unions can only strike over issues relating to current employees, and strikes are the coercive weapon a union has.

11/22/2008 - 2:45pm EDT |

They still make a lot more than teachers! They are either way over paid for a non-professional position or teachers are WAY underpaid!!!!

11/22/2008 - 3:05pm EDT |

Yeah I know that I'm young, but I still see that a bailout from the government to an industry that is failing miserably is like putting a quarter in a candy machine that is all nice and pretty and doesn't offer up the candy when you turn the knob. I WANT to see the auto industry succeed, with newer more efficient cars, that is. I dont want to hear stupid complaints about a company that can't afford to pay their people and wah wah , "we need help" when they are still making cars that are hurting the environment! If they had any sensible freaking inventors, analysts, etc.. earlier in the ball game maybe they could have realized, hmm, you know gas is a non renewable resource the way that we're ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 3:50pm EDT |

I am a 30 year Ford Motor Co retiree.I believe after giving the auto maker thirty years of my life entitles me to a secure financial future.When Ford closed the Atlanta plant and the five other plants that closed, they also cut benefits and salaries about half.They turned over the health benefits to the Union.I think the working men and women have give up enough. Now it is time for the big executives to cut their pay, health benefits,and corprate jets.I for one say you cann't beat a good true AMERICAN Ford car or truck.I think we need to keep the AMERICAN car companies alive.When they are gone the UNITED STATES will be like a foreign country.WE are slowly selling out to these foreign countri ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 3:54pm EDT |

If workers don't really make such an excessive amount, then they shouldn't be worried about a Chapter 11 restructuring. We all know that the auto workers are grossly overpaid including their ridiculous benefit packages. These companies were horribly managed and sucked dry by greedy union workers, they deserve whatever they get.

11/22/2008 - 4:05pm EDT |

A good article and a good comment. Lest people forget, if we completely eliminate these fairly well paying manufacturing jobs, we will also eliminate alot of consumer buying power. Good paying jobs are in everyone's best interest. Folks employed in menial jobs paying less than $15.00 an hour don't make good consumers. Unfortunately this seems to be the largest job growth category in our country. So, when we claim to be creating jobs in this country we need to ask what kind of jobs?

11/22/2008 - 4:13pm EDT |

Personally, I agree that re-organization with government assistance is the solution. That way government funds can be overseen and spent only under specific conditions.

Some of these conditions need to be set forth as such:

1. disband the union, since there is currently a surplus of product, fire all the workers right now. Those who sincerely want a job can have one with a wage that is based on the workers skill set, not on the union's riduculously overpaid contracts. Even if it took them 3 months to re-hire and recruit new talent to replace the disgruntled union workers who were too proud to work for 15-20 dollars/hour. It would save billions in the future.

2. Use goverment f ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 4:52pm EDT |

This is just one facet of the cost is for the Big 3. For example, GM has a much larger number of platforms to support than Toyota or Honda. Thus higher R&D cost to maintain and improve platforms. GM has far too many dealers which entails huge inventory costs including parts. It also means lower sales channel efficiency as each dealer sells far fewer units. I would also suspect that GM's executive costs are much higher than both Japanese and German auto companies. These are big structural issues that unless addressed will all contribute to their ultimate demise.

11/22/2008 - 4:52pm EDT |

The problem i see is that many people who would buy cars make between ten and twenty dollars an hour and should have some sort of union also. workers over the last thirty years and especially the last eight years have seen a drop in their purchashing power while the top elite have gone from muti-millionaires to billionaires-the top 400 in wealth have as much money as half of our entire work force-think about that and you see why workers want colective bargaining and should not take their wages for granted but bargin for wages the way executives bargin for their wages!

11/22/2008 - 4:54pm EDT |

Shifting retirees to the tax payers good?? I don't think so. These people spent30+ years making money for the big 3 ( GM had billions of $$ as of last year) and things looked good for the future with the restructured contract. The the banking industry dropped the ball and ther tax payer had to bail them out. So give 700 bil to the richest of the rich but let the last major american manufacturing industry of any kind in the US dissaper. 3+ million jobs lost when it disappears = depression. And will you buy a car from a company in bankrupcy. The taxpayers need to buy voting shres in the big 3 for uor bailout $$. And then some good decisions may get made.

11/22/2008 - 5:10pm EDT |

true i only make 10 a hours and im tyring to keep warm if my heat gose out ill be in the cold ..ide love a rase but i bet you can guess i work for one of the tight wad we use to get a christmas bonus but no more ..i was counting on the bonus to replace my gass pack with a new one ...bobby28091at yahoo

11/22/2008 - 5:15pm EDT |

How would you feel if you worked at a company that promised healthcare and pension at retirement and then did'nt deliver? I spent the better part of my working life at General Motors. I stayed there because of these benifits. Now most of you out there want to kick me to the curb with nothing.

11/22/2008 - 5:37pm EDT |

Not so fast.

Let's take your figure of $10. per hour for benefits. If we add that to the $60k per year salary, that brings the compensation package above $80k per year. It's still not princely, but it stacks up pretty well against the rest of us.

And what about the remainder of that $42. per hour the auto companies spend for retiree benefits? It means that an auto worker can look forward to retirement benefits that most workers don't get. My wife and I both work - I am self employed. Our only retirement plan is what we can save during our working years. Our health insurance is tied to my wife's job. When she retires, it is gone. Stated differently, when we retire we get nothing. It wo ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 5:52pm EDT |

mr.sensible centrist must certainly be a recipient of what they once called old money or more commonly known as family money, to be talking out of his ass this way

11/22/2008 - 5:52pm EDT |

Auto companies are saving everything 70 dollars is crazy i worked for almost 20 years i never seen 70 workers now are paying more for their insurence and working less hours new hire come in at 10 dollars and parts made over seas plants being built over seas and non-uion plants exsist here in the USA thats is crazy uion and company are the same ford and uaw bullshit the uion should be a lone force fighting for wages and rights!!!!!!

11/22/2008 - 6:11pm EDT |

mr. sensible centrist. and thanksgiving turkey, have one thing in common: there both stuffed full of shit! my guess is you have never been in a factory in your life, and i'll bet your a college grad that was taught by brainwashed foreign professor's at a high class college, with the tuition paid by good old dad. i'll even bet you joined an ivy league fraternity as well. i'll even bet you could run this country yourself, maybe even on $42 an hour.

11/22/2008 - 6:43pm EDT |

The transplants DO NOT have the liability PERIOD! To the unsensible! centrist. The workers in ALL the negotiations over ALL these years voted for and expected what was promised. To give me ...well that was then and this is now is abhorrent. "The unions can give up on keeping those retirees happy"?? You're logic..oh sorry the LACK thereof is astounding. Your parachute award should go to the great folks at AIG whom we BAILED!!

11/22/2008 - 7:18pm EDT |

My dad only makes $30/hr & he has worked there 35 years.

It's funny how they can bail out the white collar morons but not the blue collar ones. Funny & sad.

11/22/2008 - 7:43pm EDT |

Mr Cohn, I njust wanted to thank you for an even handed and enlightening article. I'm on the far right on this issue, being a white collar worker outside the industry who has never had the type of benefits these people get. Two other pressing issues not addressed here are "work rules" that stifle innovation, and the "jobs bank" that keeps 15,000 idled GM autoworkers on full pay for up to two years, costing the company $6 million a week.

I believe the work rules issue is actually a bigger headache for manufacturers than wages. In fact I think work rules and the inability to fire poor workers are the primary reason most of the American public hate unions in all industries. You can only ge ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 7:52pm EDT |

How come it was OK to bail out a bunch of New York bankers and insurance bozos, but manufacturing workers in the midwest are told to go to hell? How big would GM or Ford have to be to be "too big to fail?"

11/22/2008 - 9:33pm EDT |

ok thats nice to hear. thank goodnes you all still have jobs. there are people who do not have one at all. last was posted 1.5 million, so i blame it on bush and everyone else who alowed compnes to send jobs elsewhere and then give them tax brakes. Any company that moved out of the u.s.a. should be barred. from selling or dealing with united states.

11/22/2008 - 9:40pm EDT |

I find it most interesting to see such wage "claims" to be reported as the "Normal"... Maybe they are in certain places. I have worked all my life to achieve "ASE Master Level" and BMW level 4 status that brings not much(!) in Oregon. If you include all the normal costs associated with the employement of your employes I'm sure the cost factor goes up. Not that they will actually show/tell us those actual figures! I barely make a living at a job that requires several thousand dollars worth of "personal" hand tools just to get an entry level job... never mind the years of schooling/experience. If the powers that be were truly concerned with the health/welfare of the masses... they would req ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 9:50pm EDT |

I still have yet to see anything about all the money given to special interest groups that many of us don't support. Like Planned Parenthood and the alternative lifestyle agenda. Many people boycotted these businesses because of thier outrageous donations to these organizations. And they're losing money because of that. So why should I have to bail them out when I made the decision to boycott myself. This unnerves me when they should be learning from their mistakes. If they had the money the donated they wouldn't be as bad off and many people who boycotted them would have been buying from them. I agree with Sensible... REORGANIZE... get your obligations in order. Quit the rediculous spen ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 9:51pm EDT |

let the big 3 go under an lets start from scratch hey the big 3 didnt mind putting tucker under back in the days now let tucker have his turn an let them pay the price cause as i see it we pay enough in taxes now let say its time to cut are loses an let them sink besides their not the only car maker around it dont matter what car are truck i drive

11/22/2008 - 9:59pm EDT |

Finally someone who is getting the truth out. The way the media has been depicting assembly line workers has made be very upset. My father worked for GM for 39 years and retired two years ago. He made $22 an hour when he left. Far from the $70 an hour that the media is telling everyone. I wish my father made $70 an hour then he could have paid for my sister and I to go to college. Instead we paid our own way. I also would like to see some of those reporters/analysts stand for 8 hours a day with two 15 minute breaks and a half hour for lunch. They would not survive.

11/22/2008 - 10:04pm EDT |

FYI Ford and GM retiree salary workers over the age of 65 will lose their health benefits as of January 2009. They will have to use Medicare.

11/22/2008 - 10:37pm EDT |

This is a great article in respects to showing how overinflated either the press, or the big three themselves, have stated that their employees wages are. I am confused as to why the big three have gotten themselves in this financial bind all of a sudden. I saw on tv that these excutives flew on private planes to capitol hill to ask for handouts. Perhaps the big three automakers should cut back on their executive pay and bonuses before asking for handouts.

Well, the big three could do away with all the costly pensions. There are several local industries here that have either cut all pension plans, or drastically cut back on what they pay for the health and pension benefits for local re ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 11:11pm EDT |

if industry suddenly stopped paying insurance co's for each employee,,and,, instead,pay doctors,clinics and hospitals,for an individuals medical needs,,when they need it,,seems to me a wise move,,why pay insurance for those in no need for medical treatment,,oh I see,,some day the might,,AND IF YOU HADN'T PAID THE INSURANCE CO..YOU COULD PAY THE DR. BILL

11/22/2008 - 11:23pm EDT |

If the big 3 produced the automobile that their men are able to produce, ie: ballanced and blueprinted engines that last 300 k miles they would not be in the situation that the production of second class merchandise has put them. When the unions prohibit the loading of box cars that usually take three hours, from being done in 8 hours because they are 10 minutes late, they have generated their own problems and need to live with them.

11/22/2008 - 11:47pm EDT |

I dont see why the Taxpayers should bail out any business, you say government but its Taxes and inflation that pay for it.What is the incentive for a business to make a profit when if they fail Uncle Sam will pay his bills ? What about the millions of small business owners whos companies fail ? Bail them out also ? .Hell bail me out Ive lost nearly 80% of my IRA in less than a year. Its a known fact that Big Business pay proportionately less Tax than the average Joe. Look at PGE in Oregon before Enron bought them they paid 10 dollars income tax in the 90s on millions of dollars of revenue. So far 9 banks got bailed out , who was bank #10 that got the Finger and why ? What about the first b ... view full comment

11/22/2008 - 11:54pm EDT |

No one mentions what the union dues cost each worker. They don't pay a fixed amount but pay a percentage so that continues to rise. It appears the union has control of retirement funds so that insures the union is playing fast and loose with that money. I am a retired union worker(Teamsters) and I wouldn't trust those people as far as I could throw them.

11/23/2008 - 12:06am EDT |

I dont see why the Taxpayers should bail out any business, you say government but its Taxes and inflation that pay for it.What is the incentive for a business to make a profit when if they fail Uncle Sam will pay his bills ? What about the millions of small business owners whos companies fail ? Bail them out also ? .Hell bail me out Ive lost nearly 80% of my IRA in less than a year. Its a known fact that Big Business pay proportionately less Tax than the average Joe. Look at PGE in Oregon before Enron bought them they paid 10 dollars income tax in the 90s on millions of dollars of revenue. So far 9 banks got bailed out , who was bank #10 that got the Finger and why ? What about the first b ... view full comment

get the magazine

Intellectual rigor. Honest reporting. Influential analysis. Don't miss another issue of the magazine considered "required reading" by the world's top decision-makers. Subscribe today.

Get our newsletters

Get Our Feed